Resources by state

Links to each states laws allowing for “Private Parties” to have vehicles removed from their property
Each Municipality or City may also have their own laws defined.

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Nevada Private Impound Laws

NRS 487.038TOWING AND REMOVAL OF CERTAIN VEHICLES 

NRS 487.038  Authority of owner or person in lawful possession of real property to have towed therefrom vehicle parked in unauthorized manner: Oral notice to local law enforcement agency required; exceptions to authority; residential real property; costs to be borne by owner of vehicle; other rights and remedies.

      1.  Except as otherwise provided in subsections 3 and 4, the owner or person in lawful possession of any real property may, after giving notice pursuant to subsection 2, utilize the services of any tow car operator subject to the jurisdiction of the Nevada Transportation Authority to remove any vehicle parked in an unauthorized manner on that property to the nearest public garage or storage yard if:

      (a) A sign is displayed in plain view on the property declaring public parking to be prohibited or restricted in a certain manner; and

      (b) The sign shows the telephone number of the police department or sheriff’s office.

      2.  Oral notice must be given to the police department or sheriff’s office, whichever is appropriate, indicating:

      (a) The time the vehicle was removed;

      (b) The location from which the vehicle was removed; and

      (c) The location to which the vehicle was taken.

      3.  Any vehicle which is parked in a space designated for persons with disabilities and is not properly marked for such parking may be removed if notice is given to the police department or sheriff’s office pursuant to subsection 2, whether or not a sign is displayed pursuant to subsection 1.

      4.  The owner or person in lawful possession of residential real property upon which a single-family dwelling is located may, after giving notice pursuant to subsection 2, utilize the services of any tow car operator subject to the jurisdiction of the Nevada Transportation Authority to remove any vehicle parked in an unauthorized manner on that property to the nearest public garage or storage yard, whether or not a sign is displayed pursuant to subsection 1.

      5.  All costs incurred under the provisions of this section for towing and storage must be borne by the owner of the vehicle, as that term is defined in NRS 484A.150.

      6.  The provisions of this section do not limit or affect any rights or remedies which the owner or person in lawful possession of real property may have by virtue of other provisions of the law authorizing the removal of a vehicle parked on that property.

      (Added to NRS by 1973, 1110; A 1981, 985; 1995, 1607; 1997, 2009)


NRS 487.039 Vehicle towed from facility for parking or at direction of owner or person in lawful possession of real property: 

Owner of vehicle authorized to file civil action to determine whether towing lawful; limitation; scheduling of hearing; order of court; operator of facility for storage of towed vehicles to display sign. [Effective through December 31, 2016.]

      1.  If a vehicle is towed pursuant to NRS 487.037 or 487.038 and the owner of the vehicle believes that the vehicle was unlawfully towed, the owner of the vehicle may file a civil action pursuant to paragraph (b) of subsection 1 of NRS 4.370 in the justice court of the township where the property from which the vehicle was towed is located, on a form provided by the court, to determine whether the towing of the vehicle was lawful.

      2.  An action may be filed pursuant to this section only if the cost of towing and storing the vehicle does not exceed $10,000.

      3.  Upon the filing of a civil action pursuant to subsection 1, the court shall schedule a date for a hearing. The hearing must be held not later than 4 working days after the action is filed. The court shall affix the date of the hearing to the form and order a copy served by the sheriff, constable or other process server upon the owner or person in lawful possession of the property who authorized the towing of the vehicle.

      4.  The court shall:

      (a) If it determines that the vehicle was:

             (1) Lawfully towed, order the owner of the vehicle to pay the cost of towing and storing the vehicle and order the person who is storing the vehicle to release the vehicle to the owner upon payment of that cost; or

             (2) Unlawfully towed, order the owner or person in lawful possession of the property who authorized the towing to pay the cost of towing and storing the vehicle and order the person who is storing the vehicle to release the vehicle to the owner immediately; and

      (b) Determine the actual cost incurred in towing and storing the vehicle.

      5.  The operator of any facility or other location where vehicles which are towed are stored shall display conspicuously at that facility or location a sign which sets forth the provisions of this section.

      (Added to NRS by 1995, 1606; A 2003, 852; 2007, 1134)


NRS 116.3102 1(s) POWERS OF UNIT-OWNERS’ ASSOCIATION; LIMITATIONS

  1.   (s) May direct the removal of vehicles improperly parked on property owned or leased by the association, as authorized pursuant to NRS 487.038, or improperly parked on any road, street, alley or other thoroughfare within the common-interest community in violation of the governing documents. In addition to complying with the requirements of NRS 487.038 and any requirements in the governing documents, if a vehicle is improperly parked as described in this paragraph, the association must post written notice in a conspicuous place on the vehicle or provide oral or written notice to the owner or operator of the vehicle at least 48 hours before the association may direct the removal of the vehicle, unless the vehicle:              (1) Is blocking a fire hydrant, fire lane or parking space designated for the handicapped; or              (2) Poses an imminent threat of causing a substantial adverse effect on the health, safety or welfare of the units’ owners or residents of the common-interest community.

NRS 706.4477  Conditions for person other than owner of motor vehicle or county or city to request towing; payment of costs by owner; exceptions.

      1.  If towing is requested by a person other than the owner, or an agent of the owner, of the motor vehicle or a law enforcement officer:

      (a) The person requesting the towing must be the owner of the real property from which the vehicle is towed or an authorized agent of the owner of the real property and must sign a specific request for the towing. For the purposes of this section, the operator is not an authorized agent of the owner of the real property.

      (b) The area from which the vehicle is to be towed must be appropriately posted in accordance with state or local requirements.

      (c) Notice must be given to the appropriate law enforcement agency pursuant to state and local requirements.

      (d) The operator may be directed to terminate the towing by a law enforcement officer.

      2.  If towing is requested by a county or city pursuant to NRS 244.3605 or 268.4122, as applicable:

      (a) Notice must be given to the appropriate law enforcement agency pursuant to state and local requirements.

      (b) The operator may be directed to terminate the towing by a law enforcement officer.

      3.  The registered owner of a motor vehicle towed pursuant to the provisions of subsection 1 or 2:

      (a) Is presumed to have left the motor vehicle on the real property from which the vehicle is towed; and

      (b) Is responsible for the cost of removal and storage of the motor vehicle.

      4.  The registered owner may rebut the presumption in subsection 3 by showing that:

      (a) The registered owner transferred the registered owner’s interest in the motor vehicle:

             (1) Pursuant to the provisions set forth in NRS 482.399 to 482.420, inclusive; or

             (2) As indicated by a bill of sale for the vehicle that is signed by the registered owner; or

      (b) The vehicle is stolen, if the registered owner submits evidence that, before the discovery of the vehicle, the registered owner filed an affidavit with the Department or a written report with an appropriate law enforcement agency alleging the theft of the vehicle.


S.B. 320 ACT to amend NRS 706.4477    
Effective July 1, 2017

Section 1.      NRS 706.4477 is hereby amended to read as follows:

  1. 706.4477  If towing is requested by a person other than the owner, or an agent of the owner, of the motor vehicle or a law enforcement officer:

(a) The person requesting the towing must be the owner of the real property from which the vehicle is towed or an authorized agent of the owner of the real property and must sign a specific request for the towing. For the purposes of this section, the operator is not an authorized agent of the owner of the real property.

(b) The area from which the vehicle is to be towed must be appropriately posted in accordance with state or local requirements.

(c) Notice must be given to the appropriate law enforcement agency pursuant to state and local requirements.

(d) The operator may be directed to terminate the towing by a law enforcement officer.

2. If, pursuant to subsection 1, the owner of the real property or authorized agent of the owner of the real property requests that a vehicle be towed from a residential complex at which the vehicle is located, the owner of the real property or authorized agent of the owner:

(a) Must:

(1) Meet the requirements of subsection 1.

(2) If the vehicle is being towed pursuant to subparagraph (1), (2) or (3) of paragraph (b), notify the owner or operator of the vehicle of the tow not less than 48 hours before the tow by affixing to the vehicle a sticker which provides the date and time after which the vehicle will be towed.

(b) May only have a vehicle towed:

(1) Because of a parking violation;

(2) If the vehicle is not registered pursuant to chapter 482 4 or 706 of NRS or in any other state;

(3) If the registration of the vehicle:

(I) Has been expired for not less than 60 days, if the vehicle is owned or operated by a resident of the residential complex or does not meet the requirements of sub-subparagraph (II); or

(II) Is expired, if the owner of real property or authorized agent of the owner verifies that the vehicle is not owned or operated by a resident of the residential complex; or

(4) If the vehicle is:

(I) Blocking a fire hydrant, fire lane or parking space designated for the handicapped; or

(II) Posing an imminent threat of causing a substantial adverse effect on the health, safety or welfare of the residents of the residential complex.

3. If towing is requested by a county or city pursuant to NRS 20 244.3605 or 268.4122, as applicable:

(a) Notice must be given to the appropriate law enforcement agency pursuant to state and local requirements.

(b) The operator may be directed to terminate the towing by a law enforcement officer.

4. The registered owner of a motor vehicle towed pursuant to the provisions of subsection 1, 2 or 3:

(a) Is presumed to have left the motor vehicle on the real property from which the vehicle is towed; and

(b) Is responsible for the cost of removal and storage of the motor vehicle.

5. The registered owner may rebut the presumption in subsection 4 by showing that:

(a) The registered owner transferred the registered owner’s interest in the motor vehicle:

(1) Pursuant to the provisions set forth in NRS 482.399 to 482.420, inclusive; or

(2) As indicated by a bill of sale for the vehicle that is signed by the registered owner; or

(b) The vehicle is stolen, if the registered owner submits evidence that, before the discovery of the vehicle, the registered owner filed an affidavit with the Department or a written report with an appropriate law enforcement agency alleging the theft of the vehicle.

6. As used in this section:

(a) “Parking violation” means a violation of any:

(1) State or local law or ordinance governing parking; or

(2) Parking rule promulgated by the owner or manager of the residential complex that applies to vehicles on the property of the residential complex.

(b) “Residential complex” means a group of apartments, condominiums or townhomes intended for use as residential units and for which a common parking area is provided, regardless of whether each resident or unit has been assigned a specific parking space in the common parking area.


Senate Bill No. 212
Effective July 1, 2019 MODIFIES NRS 706.4477

AN ACT relating to tow cars; revising provisions governing the notice required before towing a motor vehicle from a residential complex; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.

Legislative Counsel’s Digest:

Existing law imposes certain conditions on the towing of a motor vehicle from a residential complex when the towing is requested by a person other than the owner of the motor vehicle.

Those conditions require that the owner of the real property, or an authorized agent of the owner:

(1) may only have a vehicle towed for a parking violation, for an issue related to the health, safety or welfare of the residents of the complex or because the vehicle is unregistered or the registration on the vehicle is expired; and
(2) may not have a vehicle towed until 48 hours after affixing a notice to the vehicle which explains when the vehicle is to be towed, unless the tow is requested for an issue related to the health, safety or welfare of the residents of the complex. (NRS 706.4477)

Existing law makes a violation of any of these provisions a misdemeanor. (NRS 706.756) Section 1 of this bill allows the tow operator to affix the notice as the authorized agent of the owner of the property if they have entered into an agreement for that purpose.

In addition, section 1 provides some exceptions to the requirement to provide notice and allows a vehicle to be towed immediately when a notice was previously affixed to the vehicle:

(1) for the same or a similar reason within the residential complex; or
(2) three or more times for any reason during the immediately preceding 6 months, regardless of whether the vehicle was subsequently towed.

EXPLANATION – Matter in bolded italics is new; matter between brackets [omitted material] is material to be omitted.

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. NRS 706.4477 is hereby amended to read as follows:

706.4477

1. If towing is requested by a person other than the owner, or an agent of the owner, of the motor vehicle or a law enforcement officer:
(a) The person requesting the towing must be the owner of the real property from which the vehicle is towed or an authorized agent of the owner of the real property and must sign a specific request for the towing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, for the purposes of this section, the operator is not an authorized agent of the owner of the real property.
(b) The area from which the vehicle is to be towed must be appropriately posted in accordance with state or local requirements.
(c) Notice must be given to the appropriate law enforcement agency pursuant to state and local requirements.
(d) The operator may be directed to terminate the towing by a law enforcement officer.

2. If, pursuant to subsection 1, the owner of the real property or authorized agent of the owner of the real property requests that a vehicle be towed from a residential complex at which the vehicle is located, the owner of the real property or authorized agent of the owner, which may be the tow operator if the tow operator has entered into a contract for that purpose with the owner of the real property:
(a) Must:
(1) Meet the requirements of subsection 1.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, if the vehicle is being towed pursuant to subparagraph (1), (2) or (3) of paragraph (b), notify the owner or operator of the vehicle of the tow not less than 48 hours before the tow by affixing to the vehicle a sticker which provides the date and time after which the vehicle will be towed. The provisions of this subparagraph do not apply and the vehicle may be immediately towed if it is a vehicle for which a notice was previously affixed:
(I) For the same or a similar reason within the same residential complex.
(II) Three or more times during the immediately preceding 6 months within the same residential complex for any reason, regardless of whether the vehicle was subsequently towed.

(b) May only have a vehicle towed:
(1) Because of a parking violation;
(2) If the vehicle is not registered pursuant to chapter 482 or 706 of NRS or in any other state;
(3) If the registration of the vehicle:
(I) Has been expired for not less than 60 days, if the vehicle is owned or operated by a resident of the residential complex or does not meet the requirements of sub-subparagraph (II); or (II) Is expired, if the owner of real property or authorized agent of the owner verifies that the vehicle is not owned or operated by a resident of the residential complex; or
(4) If the vehicle is:
(I) Blocking a fire hydrant, fire lane or parking space designated for the handicapped; or
(II) Posing an imminent threat of causing a substantial adverse effect on the health, safety or welfare of the residents of the residential complex, which may include, without limitation, if the vehicle is parked in a space that is clearly marked for a specific resident or the use of a specific unit in the residential complex.
(III). If towing is requested by a county or city pursuant to NRS 244.3605 or 268.4122, as applicable:
(a) Notice must be given to the appropriate law enforcement agency pursuant to state and local requirements.
(b) The operator may be directed to terminate the towing by a law enforcement officer.

4. The registered owner of a motor vehicle towed pursuant to the provisions of subsection 1, 2 or 3:
(a) Is presumed to have left the motor vehicle on the real property from which the vehicle is towed; and
(b) Is responsible for the cost of removal and storage of the motor vehicle.

5. The registered owner may rebut the presumption in subsection 4 by showing that:
(a) The registered owner transferred the registered owner’s interest in the motor vehicle:
(1) Pursuant to the provisions set forth in NRS 482.399 to 482.420, inclusive; or
(2) As indicated by a bill of sale for the vehicle that is signed by the registered owner; or
(b) The vehicle is stolen, if the registered owner submits evidence that, before the discovery of the vehicle, the registered owner filed an affidavit with the Department or a written report with an appropriate law enforcement agency alleging the theft of the vehicle.

6. As used in this section:
(a) “Parking violation” means a violation of any:
(1) State or local law or ordinance governing parking; or
(2) Parking rule promulgated by the owner or manager of the residential complex that applies to vehicles on the property of the residential complex.
(b) “Residential complex” means a group of apartments, condominiums or townhomes intended for use as residential units and for which a common parking area is provided, regardless of whether each resident or unit has been assigned a specific parking space in the common parking area.

Sec. 2. This act becomes effective on July 1, 2019.

No Trespassing Sign Laws


Each state varies slightly on their requirements for posting no trespassing signs.

This page does an excellent job listing these laws in each state, and they have some great examples of signs that you can customize online.